- 含不定词句型
- I am glad to …
- … too … to …
- I am too glad not to …
- I am only too … to …
- ADJ/ADV + enough to …
- … enough + N + to do …
- … be good enough to …
- … how (+ N) + to do …
- … only to do …
- … have only to do …
- … never to do …
- make/have sb. do sth.
- … want/like to do …
- … want/ask sb. to do …
- I heard him sing.
- be going to …
- be about to …
- … be to …
- … seem/appear to …
- To …, Main Clause
- … pretend to …
- … stop to …
- … be meant to …
- be + ADJ + to …
- … be likely to …
- make an/no attempt to …
- happen/chance to …
- … is said to …
- … be bound to …
- … do all one can to …
- have sth. to do with …
- have no other N except to
- … in order/so as to …
- … be used to …
含不定词句型
I am glad to …
结构︰
主词(人)+be 动词+情绪形容词(如 glad,sorry…)+不定词…。
说明︰
<不定词>放在情绪<形容词>如 glad,sorry,happy,sad,surprised,troubled等字之后修饰,这是<不定词>做<副词>的用法。
I am glad to see him. 我很高兴看到他。
Sue was troubled to see trash everywhere. 苏看到到处是垃圾很苦恼。
Sara was excited to see the rock band. 莎拉看到摇滚乐团很兴奋。
… too … to …
结构︰
主词+动词+too+形容词/副词+(for+sb.)+to-不定词…
说明︰
此句型意为“太…而(使某人)不能…”。too 为<副词>,可修饰<副词>或<形容词>。too 后也可接含有<形容词>的单数<名词>,即“too+<形容词>+a+单数<名词>+to-<不定词>”,也可以是“too much+<不可数名词>+to…”或“too many+复数<名词>+to…”。该句型如提到“对某人来说”,则加入“for+人”。该句型表示“否定”的意义,若加上<附加问句>,则须用否定,如例句8。
He walked too slowly to catch up with me. 他走得太慢而不能跟上我。
It is too dark in this room for me to read a book. 房间太暗,使我无法看书。
This problem is too difficult for them to settle. 这对他们来说真是一个难解的问题。
The price is too low for customers to believe. 价格低得令顾客难以相信。
He is too young a boy to do it. 他还太小,无法做这事。
He has too much work on hand to go picnicking with us.
他手头的工作太多了,不能跟我们去野餐。
He has too many things at his disposal to go home early.
有太多事要他处理,使他不能早点回家。
The boy is too young to do it, isn’t he? 这男孩年纪太轻不能做这件事,不是吗?
I am too glad not to …
结构︰
主词+动词+too+形容词/副词+not+to-不定词…
说明︰
此句型意为“太…而必能…;非常…”。本<句型>具有双重否定作用,也可将否定词移到<动词>部分。
Our professor is too capable not to solve this difficult problem.
我们教授非常有才干,必定能解决这一难题。
This customer is too honest not to deceive us. 这位客户非常诚实,不会骗我们。
I am too glad not to help the boy.我太乐意了而不能不帮助那男孩--我非常乐意帮助那男孩。
It is never too late to learn. 活到老,学到老。
I am only too … to …
结构︰
主词+动词+only too+形容词/副词+to-不定词
说明︰
此句型意为“非常…”。only 除去了 too 的否定意义,only too 相当于 very,very much 等。
I am only too glad to accept your kind invitation. 我非常高兴地接受你的邀请。
He is only too willing to serve friends. 他极愿为朋友效劳。
I am only too pleased to do business with you. 我能和你做生意,太高兴了。
ADJ/ADV + enough to …
结构︰
主词+动词+…形容词/副词+enough+(for sb.)+to-不定词
说明︰
此句型意为“足以…”。enough 可做<副词>或<形容词>用,在此做<副词>,可修饰<副词>或<形容词>,恒置于被修饰的<副词>或<形容词>之后。
We need several men strong enough to do the work.
我们需要几个强壮得足以做这件工作的人。
They bought a house large enough for ten persons to live in.
我们买了一栋房子,大得足以供十个人住。
He is competent enough to fill that position. 他足以胜任那职位。
He ran fast enough to catch the thief. 他跑得飞快,足以抓住那小偷。
Our teacher is old enough to retire. 我们老师年纪已够得上退休了。
The assignment is few enough to be finished within half an hour.
作业很少,足能在半小时内完成。
… enough + N + to do …
结构︰
主词+动词+enough+名词+to-不定词
说明︰
此句型意为“有足够的…可以做…”。该句型也可写作“主词+动词+名词+enough+to-不定词”。 enough 在此做<形容词>,修饰<名词>,可置于该<名词>之前或之后。
He has enough money (=money enough) to buy a car. 他有足够的钱买一辆汽车。
He hasn’t enough sense to realize his mistakes. 他没有足够的辨别力去认识自己的错误。
It is a pity that he doesn’t have enough money to sponsor the project.
遗憾的是他没有足够的钱来支持这项计划。
Will 2,000 dozens be enough for selling? 两千打够卖吗?
… be good enough to …
结构︰
Would you be good enough+to-不定词…?
说明︰
此句型意为“请你…好吗?”。本<句型>的意思和“Would you be so kind as to …?”一样, <语气>较客气。
Would you be good enough to turn the radio down a bit?请你把收音机的声音关小一点好吗?
Would you be good enough to keep silent? 请你保持安静好吗?
Would you be good enough to move a bit to the right? 请你往右边移一点好吗?
… how (+ N) + to do …
结构︰
…how/what/when/where/which/whose(+名词)+to-不定词…
说明︰
此句型意为“应该如何做/何时做/何地做/做哪些事…”。what,whom,which 为疑问<名词>,做其后 <不定词词组>中<动词>的<受词>,否则就做<介系词>的<受词>。how,where,when,why均为<疑问副词>。<不定词词组>中的<动词>若为<及物动词>,则后面要有<受词>;若为<不及物动词>,则不需要<受词>。
How do I know what to do and what not to do? 我怎么知道什么该做,什么不该做?
He showed me how to use the tape recorder. 他教我如何使用这台卡式录音机。
What to do is one question, and how to do it is quite another.
应该做什么和应该怎样做是完全不同的两个问题。
The trouble is when to start the business. 麻烦在于应该什么时候开始这项工作。
We haven’t decided where to go for lunch. 我们还没有决定去哪里午餐。
I don’t know which advise to follow. 不晓得该听谁的劝告。
I learned what expressions to use in public. 我懂得在公共场所中应使用什么措辞。
How to begin is more difficult than where to stop. 如何着手远比在何处结束来得困难。
You should know what to cook to eat. 你应该知道该煮什么来吃。
The problem is when to get the money we need. 问题是什么时候能得到我们所需要的钱。
There are so many fancy cars on display here that I don’t know which to buy.
有这么多的豪华汽车在此展出,我不知要买哪一辆才好。
… only to do …
结构︰
…only/merely/simply/just+to-不定词…
说明︰
此句型意为“竟然…;却…”。表示与先前的努力相反的结果,一般用在句尾。
He studied hard only to fail in the exam. 他这么用功,结果竟然考场失利。
He rushed all the way to the station only to miss the train.
他一路冲往车站,结果还是错过了火车。
He tried a second time only to fail again. 他再试一次,竟然还是失败。
He tried to increase his income by gambling only to plunge more deeply into the mire.
他企图藉赌博增加收入,却陷入了更深的困境。
I went out, merely to get caught in a shower. 我跑出去,结果徒然碰到一场骤雨。
… have only to do …
结构︰
have only+to-不定词…
说明︰
此句型意为“只需…就够了”。相当于“All one has to do …”或“What one has to do …”。
You have only to sit there and watch what I am doing. 你只要坐在这里,看着我做就行了。
Don’t worry; you have only to sing a song to please her.
不用担心,你只需唱首歌让她高兴就行了。
You have only to go. 你只要去即可。
You have only to ask and he’ll tell you. 你只要问他,他就会告诉你。
… never to do …
结构︰
…never+to-不定词…
说明︰
此句型意为“不会再有…的结果”。
He went on a journey when he was 18 years old, never to come back.
他十八岁时出外旅行,一直没有回来。
He went off to the war never to return alive. 他去参加战争,没能活着回来。
She left her husband, never to come back. 她离开了她丈夫,再也没回来。
make/have sb. do sth.
结构︰
主词+make/have/bid/let+受词(人)+不定词原形
说明︰
此句型意为“要/嘱咐/叫…”。<使役动词>中,make、have、bid、let 等字加了<受词>之后,要接原形<动词>做<受词补语>,与使用<分词>相比,<不定词>原形重点在事实。变成<被动语态>时,该<受词补语>要变成<不定词词组>。但是 have 当<使役动词>时,无<被动语态>。
I made him do it. 我叫他做这事。
I let him do it. 我让他做这事。
They had/made the girl clean the floor. 他们叫这个女孩打扫地板。
The mother bade the child behave himself. 妈妈叮咛孩子要守规矩。
He was bidden to finish the work on schedule. 我要他按时完成工作。
My father will probably have Tom paint the house green.
我爸爸很可能叫汤姆把房子漆成绿色。
He had me help him with his homework. 他叫我帮忙他做家庭作业。
… want/like to do …
结构︰
主词+一般及物动词+不定词(to+V)…。
说明︰
常以<不定词>作为<受词>的<及物动词>有:like(喜欢),want(想要),try(设法), love(喜爱),hate(讨厌),forget(忘记),begin(开始),start(开始),need(必须)。
Some students hate to study English. 有些学生不喜欢研读英语。
You need to study in a quiet place. 你必须在一个安定的地方读书。
He likes to go to the movie. 他喜欢去看电影。
She wants to help Mary. 她想要帮助玛丽。
… want/ask sb. to do …
结构︰
主词+want/ask/tell 等+受词+to-不定词
说明︰
<不定词>放在<受词>的后面,用于补充说明<受词>的动作,叫做“<受词补语>”;当<不定词>要表达“不要做某事”的意思时,则须采用<不定词>的<否定式>,即直接在<不定词>前加 not。常用的此类<动词>有 want,get,compel,expect,ask,would like,advise,urge,wish,tell,allow,permit,trouble,help,teach 等。
I told him not to goof around. 我叫他不要游手好闲。
The teacher urged his students to prepare for the exam. 老师劝他的学生准备考试。
They forced me to do things against my will. 他们强迫我做违背我心意的事。
Do you want me to go there instead of you? 要不要我代你到那儿去?
I got him to do it. 我叫他做这事。
Their help enabled me to finish the work with ease.他们帮助我,使我能够顺利地完成工作。
A sense of humor enabled him to get along well with others.
幽默感使他能与人相处愉快。
The heavy workload forced me to cancel the camping trip.繁重的工作量迫使我取消去露营。
The father allowed (=permitted) his son to travel abroad alone.
父亲答应让他的儿子单独出国旅行。
We troubled him to turn on the light. 我们麻烦他打开电灯。
We needed someone to fix the tape recorder. 我们需要有人来修理录音机。
I heard him sing.
结构︰
主词+hear/see/feel+受词+原形不定词
说明︰
此句型意为“听/看/感觉…”。英文中表示“看”,“听”,“感觉”的三类<动词>,加了<受词>之后,须接原形<动词>做<受词补语>,用以表示已发生,而且是主动意味的事实。我们称此类<动词>为知觉<动词>,常用的有 see,watch,notice,look at,hear,listen to,feel 等。变成<被动语态>时,<受词补语>要变成<不定词词组>,如例句4。这些词后也可接现在<分词>,强调“动作进行”,而接原形<动词>,则强调“整个事实”。
Did you notice anyone come in? 你注意到有人进来过吗?
As far as I remember, I have never seen him smile. 在我记忆中,我从未见他笑过。
She once heard him whisper to another girl. 她曾听到他对另外一个女孩说悄悄话。
He was heard to sing. 我听到他唱歌。
I felt my heart beat violently. 我感觉到自己的心跳得很厉害。
She liked to listen to children talk. 她喜欢听孩子们谈话。
We heard him playing with his puppy. 我们听到了他在玩着他的小狗。
Rick often watched the boats returning to port in the late afternoon.
瑞克常常看到小船在傍晚正回到港口。
be going to …
结构︰
主词+be going+to-不定词…
说明︰
此句型意为“将做…”。“be going+to-<不定词>”用作表示未来的<助动词>,表示最近之未来将做的行为或未来的意图。这种<句型>经常用于会话体,表示包含讲话者的主观或感情的情形。
He is going to marry Jane in May. 他打算五月和珍结婚。
I am going to stay up late to finish my paper. 为了完成报告我打算熬夜不睡。
I’m afraid he is going to lose the match. 我恐怕他会输掉比赛。
The train was just going to start when we arrived. 我们到达时,火车马上就要开了。
My father was a sailor and I’m going to be one, too.
我父亲(以前)是水手,我也打算当水手。
be about to …
结构︰
主词+be about+to-不定词…
说明︰
此句型意为“将做…”。表示极近的未来之行为,故为了表示几乎等于现在的未来而不和未来之 <副词>一起使用,如:不能说“I am about to go next week.”。
He was surely about to change his mind. 他一定会改变主意。
She was about to walk out of the door when the telephone rang. 电话铃响时她正要出门。
Something unusual was about to happen. 某种不寻常的事正要发生。
… be to …
结构︰
主词+be+to-不定词…
说明︰
此句型意为“预定要…”。“be+to+<不定词>”含有事先的安排或命令,表示“必须…;应该…;打算…”。
A was to be placed onto A’, and B onto B’.
… seem/appear to …
结构︰
主词+seem/appear+to-不定词…
说明︰
此句型意为“似乎是…,好像…”。to-<不定词>的内容是表示状态的词。seem 有时要加入“或许”(probably)的意思翻译起来才适当;appear 近于“乍看之下好像是…”的意思。
Taiwan seems to contain no petroleum. 台湾恐怕没有蕴藏石油吧!
The thread seems to match the cloth. 这线和这布似乎很相称。
He appears to be very tired. 他似乎很累。
These stars appear to move around the North Star. 这些星星似乎环绕着北极星转。
They appear to be able to handle the problem. 他们似乎可以处理这个问题。
John seems to love music very much. 约翰似乎很喜欢音乐。
To …, Main Clause
结构︰
不定词词组,主要子句
说明︰
此类<不定词词组>通常放在句首,表示目的,修饰<主要子句>。常用的有 to tell the truth(老实说),to do someone justice(替某人说句公道话),to be brief(简言之),to begin with(首先),to sum up(总之),to make matters worse(更糟的是),so to speak(可以这么说),needless to say(不用说),to say nothing of sth。(更不用说)等。
To make sure that he was at home, I called him up in advance.
为了确定他在家,我事先打电话给他。
To tell the truth, I don’t agree to your plan. 老实讲,我不同意你的计划。
To do her justice, she is not as bad as you described. 说句公道话,她并没有你说的那样坏。
To sum up, only when strict punishment can be imposed on the lawless, can social stability be maintained. 总之,唯有当严刑峻罚加之于违法之徒时,才能维持社会安定。
Mary is, so to speak, a hardworking student. 玛丽可说是个用功的学生。
I can’t speak English, to say nothing of Chinese. 我不会说英语,更别提中文了。
Needless to say, learning without thinking is useless. 不用说,学而不思则罔。
… pretend to …
结构︰
主词+pretend+to-不定词/that-子句
说明︰
此句型意为“假装…”。pretend 后面用 to-不定词或 that 子句。
He was pretending to climb a mountain. 他假装在爬山。
She pretended not to go. 她假装不去。
He pretended to be a good man. 他假装是好人。
Let’s pretend (that) we are pirates. 让我们玩假装海盗的游戏吧!
… stop to …
结构︰
主词+stop+to-不定词…
说明︰
此句型意为“停下来…”。若“stop+Ving”是“停止…”。
They just don’t stop to think. 他们就是不停下来想一想。
They stopped to look into the window. 他们停下来看看橱窗。
I have stopped smoking for half a year. 我已经半年不抽烟了。
… be meant to …
结构︰
主词+be meant+to-不定词
说明︰
此句型意为“…是有意要…;…是命中注定要…”。“be meant to V”有时变成“be meant for N”。
Some TV programs are meant to be watched today and forgotten tomorrow.
有些电视节目的用意是要今天观赏,明天忘掉。
He believes he is meant to be a great man. 他相信他命中要成为伟人。
This dictionary is meant for you. 这本字典是要给你的。
be + ADJ + to …
结构︰
主词+be+形容词+to-不定词
说明︰
<主词>实际上是 to-<不定词>的<受词>,经过转变而移到句首。
It was even more pleasing to look at in the morning light.
它在早晨的光线下看起来更悦目。
The rising sun is especially beautiful to look at from this angle.旭日从这个角度看起来特别美。
I think she is easy to please. 我想她是很容易讨好的。
… be likely to …
结构︰
主词+be likely+to-不定词…
说明︰
此句型意为“…可能…”。likely 表示具有充分根据的预测。有时<句型>可变为“It is likely that …”。
One’s first impression is likely to be that everyone is in a rush.
一个人的第一个印象是,每个人都是匆忙的。
He is likely to arrive at any time. 他可能随时会到。
His health is likely to get worse. 他的健康可能会恶化。
make an/no attempt to …
结构︰
主词+make an/no attempt+to-不定词…
说明︰
此句型意为“…打算要/没有打算要…”;“…试图要/没有试图要…”。
His smile deepened, but he made no attempt to answer.
他的微笑加深了,但他没有打算要回答。
I made no attempt to make friends with her. 我没有打算要和她做朋友。
Will they make any attempt? 他们会再做另一次的尝试吗?
happen/chance to …
结构︰
主词+happen/chance+to-不定词…
说明︰
此句型意为“…碰巧…”。
A friend of his happened to be sitting in a railroad-coach next to a young man who was obviously depressed.
他的一个朋友碰巧在火车车厢里坐在一个无精打采的年轻人的身边。
We happened to meet at the station. 我们碰巧在火车站相遇。
He happened to be sleeping. 他碰巧在睡觉。
I chanced to be thinking of the same thing. 我碰巧想到同样的事。
… is said to …
结构︰
主词+is said+to-不定词…
说明︰
此句型意为“据说…(现在)是…”。而“is said to have been …”是“据说…(以前)是…”。
His music is said to be “good”or “great”. 他的音乐据说是“好”或“了不起”。
He is said to have been the richest man in Taiwan. 据说他以前是台湾最有钱的人。
They are said to build a hospital here. 据说他们要在这里盖一家医院。
… be bound to …
结构︰
主词+be bound+to-不定词
说明︰
此句型意为“一定…”。“be bound to V”是“be sure to V(一定)”之意,而“be bound for”是“前往”之意。
Something is bound to happen one way or another to end the conflict or solve the problem.
事情一定以某种方式发生以结束冲突或解决难题。
He is bound to come tonight. 他今天晚上一定会来。
If so, your points of view are bound to conflict with his.
如果这样的话,你的观点一定会和他的起冲突。
… do all one can to …
结构︰
主词+do all one can to-不定词…
说明︰
此句型意为“尽一切可能来…”。注意 do 和 can 的<时态>要保持一致。
Daddy did all he could to fill my needs and desires.爸爸尽一切可能来满足我的需求和欲望。
You should do all you can to persuade him. 你应该尽一切可能来说服他。
We have done all we could to catch up with them. 我们已经尽了一切可能来赶上他们。
have sth. to do with …
结构︰
… have something/nothing to do with …
说明︰
此句型意为“…与…有/无关系”。这是包含不定式的习惯用法。随着“有关系”的程度, something 可改为 little,much,a great deal 等。have nothing to do with表示否定;have anything to do with 用于<疑问句>中。
Her diligence must have something to do with his success.
她的勤勉和她的成功一定有某些关系。
The traffic accident had nothing to do with him. 这交通事故和他一点关系也没有。
His wife had much to do with his bankruptcy. 他的破产和他的妻子很有关系。
have no other N except to
结构︰
主词+have no other+名词+except/than+to-不定词
说明︰
此句型意为“除了要…没有其他的…”。except 可以换成 than。
The speaker has no other purpose except to make people laugh.
这位演说者除了想搞笑之外,没有别的目的。
We have no other choice than to agree with them. 我们除了同意他们之外,没有别的选择。
I have no other wish except to pass the examination.我除了要通过考试之外,没有别的心愿。
… in order/so as to …
结构︰
in order/so as+to-不定词…
说明︰
此句型意为“为了…;想做…就得…”。这是表目的的不定词句型,意思更为明确。
He must work very hard in order to support his large family.
他必须拼命工作以养活他的大家庭。
Listen carefully so as to follow the teacher. 要仔细听才能听懂老师讲的课。
You must watch your step so as not to fall down. 你必须留心脚下才不会跌下去。
… be used to …
结构︰
主词(物) + be used to-不定词
说明︰
此句型意为“被用来…”。主词通常是无生命的东西。而“物+be used as+<名词>”译为“被用来当做…”。
The book is used to teach us how to write. 这本书教我们如何写作。
The knife can be used to cut meat. 刀能用来切肉。
It is said that the plant can be used to treat hepatitis. 据说那种植物可用来治肝炎。
The book is used as a reference book. 这本书被用来做参考书。